79-24-3

  • English Name: Nitroethane
  • CAS Number: 79-24-3
  • Molecular Formula: C₂H₅NO₂
  • Molecular Weight: 75.07 g/mol

Physical Properties

  • Appearance: Colorless, oily liquid with a mild, fruity odor.
  • Melting Point: -90°C.
  • Boiling Point: 114-115°C (lit.).
  • Density: 1.045 g/mL at 25°C (lit.).
  • Vapor Density: 2.58 (vs air).
  • Refractive Index: _n_20/D 1.391 (lit.).
  • Solubility: Soluble in acetone, ethanol, ether, and chloroform; slightly soluble in water (4.6 g/100 mL at 20°C).

Chemical Properties

  • Stability: Stable under normal conditions but may form explosive mixtures with oxidizers or strong acids.
  • Reactivity: Reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents, amines, and metal oxides.
  • Explosive Limit: 3.4% (V).
  • pKa: 8.5 (at 25°C).

Uses

  1. Solvent: Used in organic synthesis, as a solvent for polymers, cellulose esters, waxes, fats, and dyes.
  2. Propellant: Used as a rocket propellant.
  3. Intermediate: Used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and pesticides.

Safety Information

  • Toxicity: Acute oral LD₅₀: 860 mg/kg (mice), 1100 mg/kg (rats).
  • Hazard Codes: T (Toxic), Xn (Harmful).
  • Risk Statements:
    • R10: Flammable.
    • R20/22: Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed.
    • R45: May cause cancer.
  • Safety Statements:
    • S9: Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
    • S23: Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapor/spray.
    • S25: Avoid contact with eyes.

Handling and Storage

  • Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from oxidizers, strong acids, and metal oxides.
  • Use appropriate ventilation when handling.

Environmental Concerns

  • Toxic to aquatic organisms; avoid release into the environment.

First Aid Measures

  • Inhalation: Remove from exposure and provide fresh air. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
  • Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water. Seek medical attention if irritation occurs.
  • Eye Contact: Rinse with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention.
  • Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical attention immediately.

Transport Information

  • UN Number: UN2842.
  • Hazard Class: 3 (Flammable liquid).
  • Packing Group: III.

Packing and shipping