10025-87-3

Molecular Formula: POCl₃ (or Cl₃OP)
CAS Number:10025-87-3
Molecular Weight: 153.33

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Physical Properties

Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor
Density: 1.645 g/cm³
Melting Point: 1.25°C
Boiling Point: 105.3°C
Solubility: Reacts exothermically with water to form phosphoric acid and hydrochloric acid
Reactivity: Highly reactive with water, acids, alcohols, amines, and other nucleophiles

Preparation

Phosphoryl trichloride is typically produced by the chlorination of phosphorus trichloride (PCl₃) in the presence of water. The process involves heating PCl₃ with chlorine gas and water under controlled conditions to produce POCl₃. Other methods include oxidation of PCl₃ with potassium chlorate or using sulfur dioxide as an oxidizing agent.

Applications

Organic Synthesis: Widely used as a chlorinating agent, dehydrating agent, and phosphorylating agent. It is also used in the synthesis of phosphates, phosphonates, and other organic compounds.
Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals: Used as a raw material for the production of organophosphorus pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and intermediates.
Semiconductor and Electronics: Employed in the production of compound semiconductors, optical fibers, and as a doping agent.
Plastics and Additives: Used in the production of plasticizers, flame retardants, and other additives.

Safety and Environmental Impact

Toxicity: Phosphoryl trichloride is highly corrosive and toxic. Inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact can cause severe burns, irritation, and respiratory issues.
Storage and Handling: Should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area. Containers must be sealed to prevent exposure to moisture. It should not be stored with flammable materials, strong oxidizers, or bases.
Environmental Concerns: Releases of POCl₃ can lead to the formation of toxic gases and should be avoided. Proper disposal and containment are essential to prevent environmental contamination.

First Aid Measures

Skin Contact: Immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with plenty of water or saline for at least 15 minutes, keeping the eyelids open. Seek medical attention.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air and provide oxygen if breathing is difficult. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water and do not induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical attention.