Structure of 2-Ethyl Anthraquinone: Key Details and Applications
2-Ethylanthr aquinone is a crucial compound in organic chemistry, widely recognized for its role in industrial chemistry. Structurally, it’s a derivative of anthraquinone, featuring an ethyl group substitution. This modification influences its reactivity and physical properties, making it indispensable in hydrogen peroxide production. Beyond that, it finds applications in dye manufacturing and other chemical processes. Understanding its structure unlocks insights into its versatile behaviors and industrial importance.
Chemical Structure of 2-Ethylanthraquinone
2-Ethylanthraquinone is a distinctive compound in the field of organic chemistry. Known for its applications in industrial processes, particularly in hydrogen peroxide production, its chemical structure defines its reactivity and functionality. Let’s take a closer look at its structural details.
Molecular Formula and Weight
The molecular formula of 2-Ethyl Anthraquinone is C16H12O2. This notation indicates the compound contains 16 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 2 oxygen atoms. Its molecular weight is 236.27 g/mol, which is a measure of its mass based on atomic composition.
Why does this matter? The molecular formula helps chemists predict how the compound will behave in various reactions, while the weight is crucial for calculating precise quantities in industrial uses. For further reference, you can review detailed chemical data on PubChem.
Structural Representation
Chemists often represent 2-ethylanthraquinone in different ways to visualize its molecular arrangement:
- Line Structure: This is the standard 2D structural formula showing atoms and bonds.
- Ball-and-Stick Model: A 3D representation emphasizing spatial orientation and bond angles.
- Space-Filling Model: This provides insight into the molecule’s shape and volume.
Each model has its advantages. Line structures are quick and straightforward, while ball-and-stick visuals excel in demonstrating bond angles. If you’re curious about how these diagrams help in understanding this compound, Sigma-Aldrich provides an excellent resource.
Isomerism and Stereochemistry
2-Ethylanthraquinone exhibits isomeric forms due to positional variations of the ethyl group on the anthraquinone structure. However, it lacks stereochemical complexity because it does not contain chiral centers or double bonds capable of cis-trans isomerism.
This simplicity makes it predictable and reliable for industrial applications, where consistency is critical. For more on its isomeric behavior, you can explore scientific insights provided by ECHA.
Understanding the structural nuances of 2-ethylanthraquinone helps clarify why it plays an essential role in industrial chemistry, particularly as a precursor in significant chemical processes.
Properties of 2-Ethylanthraquinone
Understanding the properties of 2-Ethyl Anthraquinone is essential to grasp its role in industrial and chemical processes. Below, we explore its physical and chemical characteristics to provide a comprehensive view of this compound’s behavior.
Physical Properties
2-Ethylanthraquinone typically presents as a pale yellow crystalline solid. Its distinct color and solid state make it easy to identify, especially when using it in applications like hydrogen peroxide production.
- Appearance: Pale yellow crystals or powder
- Melting Point: Approximately 105°C (Sigma-Aldrich)
- Boiling Point: Around 415.4°C at 760 mmHg (PubChem)
- Density: About 1.231 g/cm³ (ChemicalBook)
Its relatively high boiling point and moderate melting point make it stable across a wide range of temperatures. This stability is crucial for its use in industrial processes that require heat resistance.
Chemical Properties
The chemical properties of 2-ethylanthraquinone define its reactivity and stability, making it a reliable choice for specific industrial applications.
- Reactivity
2-Ethylanthraquinone participates in oxidation and reduction reactions. In the hydrogen peroxide production process, it cycles between an oxidized and reduced state without breaking down, which contributes to its longevity as a working compound. - Stability
This compound is highly stable under normal conditions. It resists decomposition, making it an excellent fit for applications requiring consistent performance over time. - Common Reactions
- Hydrogen Peroxide Synthesis: 2-ethylanthraquinone acts as a catalyst in this process, undergoing redox cycling to produce hydrogen peroxide.
- Photo-Initiator: It can be used as a photoinitiator in certain polymerization reactions (ChemicalBook).
These properties make it a versatile compound, particularly valued in industries that demand both chemical resilience and efficiency.
By combining its unique physical and chemical traits, 2-ethylanthraquinone stands out as a practical and reliable chemical for industrial use.
Synthesis of 2-Ethylanthraquinone
The synthesis of 2-ethylanthraquinone plays a pivotal role in industries reliant on efficient chemical processes, such as hydrogen peroxide production. Achieving a reliable and scalable method requires precise chemical strategies and optimal conditions. Below, we explore the foundational aspects of its synthesis.
Synthetic Routes
There are multiple approaches to synthesizing 2-ethylanthraquinone, each catering to specific industrial needs. Common methods include:
- Acylation and Cyclization
A widely used route involves the acylation of phthalic anhydride with ethylbenzene as a precursor. This step forms intermediates that undergo cyclization, resulting in the target compound. This method balances simplicity and efficiency while minimizing byproducts.
Reference: One-pot synthesis of 2-ethylanthraquinone via phthalic anhydride - Ring-Closure Reactions
Another method employs 2-(4-alkylbenzoyl)benzoic acid, which undergoes gas-phase or catalytic ring-closing reactions. This approach often ensures higher yields and greater purity.
Reference: Continuous preparation method - Green Synthesis
For sustainability, green chemistry approaches are gaining attention. These methods utilize solid acid catalysts for the dehydration of intermediates, reducing waste and environmental impact.
Reference: Green synthesis of 2-ethylanthraquinone
Each of these routes offers distinct advantages, with selections often based on cost efficiency, scalability, and environmental considerations.
Reagents and Conditions
The synthesis of 2-Ethyl Anthraquinone demands carefully chosen reagents and conditions to optimize reaction outcomes. Here are the key components:
- Reagents
- Phthalic Anhydride: Provides the carbon framework for the reaction.
- Ethylbenzene: Supplies the ethyl group, essential for creating the desired substitution.
- Catalysts: Acid catalysts like toluene sulfonic acid or solid acids enhance reaction rates and selectivity.
- Conditions
- Temperature: Reaction temperatures typically range between 150°C–250°C, depending on the synthetic pathway.
- Pressure: Controlled atmospheric or slight vacuum conditions ensure steady reaction kinetics.
- Reaction Time: The process varies, spanning several hours to achieve complete conversion.
Optimal combinations of these factors directly impact the efficiency, cost, and environmental footprint of the synthesis. For more details on reagent specifications, visit Sigma-Aldrich 2-Ethylanthraquinone specifications.
The choice of pathway and conditions ultimately determines the feasibility of 2-Ethyl Anthraquinone production at an industrial scale, ensuring consistency in properties and usability for downstream applications.
Conclusion
2-Ethylanthraquinone stands out for its structural precision and utility in industrial chemistry. Its robust framework, highlighted by the ethyl group on the anthraquinone backbone, enhances both its stability and reactivity.
Industries rely on this compound for efficient hydrogen peroxide production and other chemical processes.
