Physical Properties
- Appearance: Colorless liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor.
- Density: 0.867 g/cm³.
- Boiling Point: 110.6°C.
- Melting Point: -95°C.
- Solubility: Insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and ether.
- Flash Point: 4°C.
- Auto-ignition Temperature: 480°C.
Chemical Properties
- Reactivity: More reactive than benzene due to the electron-donating effect of the methyl group.
- Reactions: Easily undergoes nitration (e.g., to form TNT), sulfonation, and halogenation.
- Stability: Stable under normal conditions but highly flammable.
Uses
- Solvent: Widely used in paints, lacquers, adhesives, and as a solvent for resins and gums.
- Chemical Synthesis: Used as a precursor for benzene, TNT, benzoic acid, and other organic compounds.
- Fuel Additive: Added to gasoline to improve octane ratings.
- Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics: Used in the production of drugs and nail products.
Safety Information
- Hazard Statements:
- H225: Highly flammable liquid and vapor.
- H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
- H315: Causes skin irritation.
- H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
- Precautionary Statements:
- P210: Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames, and other ignition sources.
- P260: Do not breathe vapor.
- P280: Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection, and face protection.
Handling and Storage
- Store in a well-ventilated place, keeping the container tightly closed and cool.
- Use explosion-proof equipment and take measures to prevent static discharge.
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